Analysis Of The Scarlet Letter - 1621 Words

Insight into Life: Deceit and Disguise in Secrets Jean Racine, a French writer and philosopher, has said â€Å"There are no secrets that time does not reveal,† and we see this quote play out in many events in history as well as the Scarlet Letter. Racine displays that secrets in time will alter the future of lives. By gaining an insight into how these secrets are resolved, how they affect daily lives, who they affect, and why, we will be able to understand how devastating secrets can be. Secrets can deceive even the smartest and strongest of people. To illustrate the people that create these secrets can give us a better judgement about the transformation they can have on their victim’s lives. Hester Prynne kept a very dark secret containing†¦show more content†¦He felt it was necessary to install a taping system into the White House as well as the Democrat National Headquarters Headquarters. All of this was done secretly to create an advantage over his political rivals as well as to create himself a podium where he was above all law and order (Watergate 1). Many people tend to think that slavery is not a problem anymore, but they are completely wrong. Child slavery has become a very important issue throughout the globe, especially in developing nations. Many of these children are taken from their families and sold to traffickers in Asia and Africa (Van de Glind, Hans, and Joost Kooijmans). Comparatively, one of the most infamous unethical crimes dur ing the twenty-first century only happened a mere three years ago. Jerry Sandusky was put on trial for charges of sexual assault, rape, and twelve counts of minor corruption. This man kept his secret however for longer than thirteen years where the first incident occurred and he decided it would be alright for no one to know (â€Å"Penn State Scandal Fast Facts†). These people are that have kept these secrets have affected thousands of people and only kept them for personal gain. It disgusts me how these people keep these secrets, many times knowing the consequences, and continue to carry out whatever they do secretly. Now that it is clear who

Mass Media Influence on Society - 1476 Words

Media’s Influence on Society Over the last 500 years, the influence of mass media has grown exponentially with the advance of technology. First there were books, then newspapers, magazines, photography, sound recordings, films, radio, television, the so-called New Media of the Internet, and now social media. Today, just about everyone depends on information and communication to keep their lives moving through daily activities like work, education, health care, leisure activities, entertainment, traveling, personal relationships, and the other stuff with which we are involved. Its not unusual to wake up, check the cellphone for messages and notifications, look at the TV or†¦show more content†¦Young people are in a stage of life where they want to be accepted by their peers, they want to be loved and be successful. The media creates the ideal image of a beautiful men and women and tells you what the characteristics of a successful person are; you can see it in movies and TV. It’s a subliminal way to tell you that if you are not like them you are not cool yet so it’s time to buy the stuff they buy and look like they look. Another negative influence in teenagers that has grown over the last years are anorexia and obesity. There are millions of adolescents fighting obesity, but at the same time they are exposed to thousands of advertisements of junk food, while the ideas image of a successful person is told to be thin and wealthy. Also more women are obsessive with losing weight even when they are not obese; there are many thin women th at want to look like the super models and thin celebrities so they engage in eating disorders which leads to severe health issues and even death. There is no mistaking that modern day society is greatly influenced by mass media every day, and in many different forms. People often remember all of their favorite television shows they watched growing up as well as the ones they view now. Some of these shows signposting many of their memories in a nostalgic manner. There is favorite music you may listen to,Show MoreRelatedThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influences of Mass Media on Society For the greater majority of the American society, the presence of mass media is a normal part of everyday lives. With the purpose of mass media being to educate, entertain and inform, the excessive violence, self imaging, and lack of full detail on world events, is having negative influences and unhealthy impacts on society. As early as the 1920s, a form of the media has been present in the American society. Although broadcasted content wasRead MoreThe Mass Media Influence On Society804 Words   |  4 PagesThe mass media greatly influence the behavior and thoughts of citizens and policymakers, and has a great impact on policy agenda. The mass media includes television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and other means of popular communication. There are two kinds of media; print media, which includes newspapers and magazines, and electronic media, which includes television, radio, and the Internet. There are various positives and negatives of the media and its relation to the public and toRead MoreMass Media s Influence On Society962 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years mass media has become more available and favored by society through avenues such as magazines, television, newspapers, print ads, internet, and including social media. According to U.S. Census Bureau (2007), individuals spend nearly a total of 3,518 hours of their time on mass media outlets. Mass media has bec ome widely popular among individuals, in particularly young adults.73% of U.S adults aged 18–29, have been reported regularly visit at least one of these outlet, and 42% use moreRead MoreMass Media And Society s Influence On Society Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesPosition Statement Mass media and society have an influence on each other. One impacts the other just a tad bit more. They have a symbiotic relationship, where one cannot work successfully with each other in many different circumstances. Society has more influence over mass media, because of the idea for supply and demand. If the public does not demand service, then it would not be provided. Media does have a small impact on society, but society holds the key to how information is dispersed. IncludedRead More Mass Media and Its Negative Influence on American Society Essay2119 Words   |  9 Pages Mass Media and Its Influence Negative Influence on American Society nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"It is the power that shapes and molds the mind of virtually every citizen, young or old, rich or poor, simple or sophisticated† (Sweet Liberty, 2000, 1). The media is a part of everyday life in America. News and events outside of one’s home or neighborhood are brought to their area via the newspaper, magazines, radio, television, and the internet. As the quote above mentions mass media, and its componentsRead MoreMass Media Influence On People s Ideas About Society936 Words   |  4 PagesJamilah Alfadhli ENG 110-01 November 13, 2015 Mass Media Influence in Shaping People’s Ideas about Society The most important goal for mass media is to make high revenues. To make this goal real and earn that money mass media maker or producer put effective working plans. These effective plans could be in all different kinds of any mass media. There are several effects of made mass media planning before it broadcasting a message to improve it economic. These effects are; effects of advertisingRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Media On Society s Media1714 Words   |  7 PagesIt is undeniable that the society is experiencing a mediated culture, where mass media have direct effects on our society. Newspapers, magazines, radios, and televisions constantly give out messages to promote products, attitudes, and ideas in an attempt to influence audiences. The effect is further enhanced when digital media, particularly the Internet, enters the competition for the limited supply of audience attention. The saturated mass media industry no longer has the benefit of reach it usedRead MoreThe Impact O f Mass Media On Youth And Society1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Mass Media on the Youth and Society Nowadays, the issue of mass media has caused much debate in the modern society, as well as mass media is becoming more important as a component that negatively affects the behavior of young people. There are many other factors, such as micro-environment, economic instability, the decline of moral values affecting children and young people and encourage them to commit unlawful acts. However, unlimited access to the Internet, mobile phone use in theRead MoreMass Media And Its Impact On Society1719 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s world society believes that mass media plays a key role in shaping and communicating our culture. Mass Media is defined as a technological advancement of communication. People receive information about the world through mass media and it helps shape people’s beliefs, values, perception, and behavior. Mass media is a controversial topic among sociologists, many of them have differentiating opinions of how mass media is influencing people daily liv es today. Through this research analysisRead MoreMass Media Usage813 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Media Industries Media Visualization Essay Media Usage Mass media has become a powerful tool in shaping our culture, and is largely reflective of our society today. According to our text book and class lecture notes, mass media can be loosely defined as the technological vehicles through which mass communication takes place, along with the industries which control them. Over the years, mass media, has had a profound effect on American society, on its culture, and on the individuals

Department of Business Administration †Free Samples to Students

Queston: Discuss about the Department of Business Administration. Answer: Introduction: Auditors are able to plan their audit by conducting preliminary analysis using analytical procedures. Such plan helps in cutting unreasonable cost associated with audit and clarifies any facts for accomplishing the verification of financial declaration of DIPL. There are many analytical procedures available to auditor for carrying out analysis and this involves common size analysis, benchmarking and ratio analysis. Application of ratio analysis tool would help auditor in providing information about trend of financial performance of organization (Boone et al. 2017). For the analysis of financial performance, auditor uses ratio analysis tool. Analysis is done by calculation profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency position of company. Profitability analysis: Table 4: Profitability Ratios Ratio 2013 2014 2015 Gross Profit Ratio 17.55% 16.13% 15.20% Net Profit Ratio 6.90% 6.08% 6.84% Operating Profit Ratio 19.82% 19.18% 19.12% Return on Assets 18.25% 14.41% 11.37% Return on Equity 25.78% 21.25% 24.26% The above table depicts profitability position of DIPL over the period of three years. It involves calculation of gross profit, net profit ratio, return on assets, return on equity and operating profit margin. Gross profit ratio has decreased since year 2013. Ratio stood at 17.55% in financial year 2013 as compared to 16.13% and 15.2% in year 2014 and 2015 respectively. Net profit ratio stood at 6.9% and 6.08% in year 2013 and 2014 as against 6.84% in year 2015. There was significant decline in return on assets from 18.25% in year 2013 compared to 11.37% in year 2015. Return on equity declined from 25.78% in year 2013 to 24.26% in year 2015. Liquidity analysis: Table 1: Liquidity ratios Ratio 2013 2014 2015 Current Ratio 1.42 1.47 1.50 Quick Ratio 0.83 0.94 0.85 Liquidity analysis is evaluated by calculating current ratio and quick ratio. Liquidity position of DIPL has marginally improved since year 2013. Current ratio of DIPL stood at 1.42 in financial year 2013, 1.47 in year 2014 and 1.5 in year 2015 respectively. On other hand, quick ratio has initially increased and subsequently decreased in year 2015. Ratio stood at 0.83 in year 2013 as compared to 0.94 and 0.95 in year 2014 and 2015 respectively. Solvency analysis: Table 2: Solvency Ratios Ratio 2013 2014 2015 Debt Equity Ratio 0.41 0.47 1.13 Debt to Total Assets 0.29 0.32 0.53 Interest Coverage Ratio 28.96 28.39 4.68 Solvency position of DIPL is analysed by calculating by interest coverage ratio, debt to equity ratio and debt to total assets. Debt to total assets of DIPL stood at 0.29, 0.32 and 0.53 in year 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. Figures represents that there has been decline in ratio since year 2013. There has been increase in debt to equity ratio to 1.13% in year 2015 compared to 0.41% and 0.47% in year 2014 and 2015 respectively. Interest coverage ratio has fallen significantly to 4.68% in year 2015 compared to 28.96 and 29.39 in year 2013 and 2014 respectively. Efficiency analysis: Table 3: Efficiency ratios Ratio 2013 2014 2015 Inventory Turnover Ratio 12.50 11.84 8.82 Debtors Turnover Ratio 13.78 8.73 8.57 Efficiency analysis is calculated using ratios such as inventory turnover and debtor turnover ratios. Inventory turnover ratio has declined to 8.82 in year 2015 compared to 12.5 and 11.84 in year 2013 and 2014 respectively. Debtor turnover ratio of DIPL has reduced significantly to 8.57 in year 2015 as against 8.73 and 13.78 in year 2014 and 2013 respectively. Fall in efficiency ratio depicts that DIPL has been efficiently utilizing their assets. Influence of results on audit planning decisions: Ratios Impact of identified ratios on audit plan Current ratio Analysis of current ratio will help auditors in evaluating the factors affecting liquidity position of DIPL. It can be ascertained from the given case study that reason attributable to increase I liquidity position is writing back of inventories allowance. Solvency ratio Financial risk of DIPL has increased in recent year and it assist auditors in identifying factors that are considered undesirable or desirable for organizations financial position. Profitability ratio Analysis of profitability position assist auditors in analysing factors that would impacts the profitability position of DIPL and whether sufficient steps are taken by management regarding (Quick 2016). Efficiency ratio Analysis of this ratio depicts that whether organization has been efficiently utilizing assets. Identification of inherent risks affecting operations of DIPL: Inherent risks Explanation Risks arising from using system of information technology Installation and reconciliation of novel IT system required additional knowledge and extra staff members. DIPL has shortage of employees and they were not capable of handling the system. This would exert excess pressure on employees who might be forced to get involved in fraudulent activities. Deterioration of accounting system would hamper the operational activities of DIPL. Several threats are posed to organization due to integration of noel accounting system with general ledger system Financial risk Several accounting transactions are improperly recorded by accountants of DIPL. External and internal factors of organization are also responsible for creating financial risk. In order to secure loan from lending institutions, it is required by company to maintain particular level of ratio that is regarded as eligibility criteria for granting loan amount. There is pressure from external parties as well as management to maintain ratio at particular level. This would force accountants and staff members if DIPL to get engaged in fraudulent activities and manipulate presented data or cause material misstatement in the financial declaration. Impact of inherent risk on material misstatement and audit plan: It is evidence from the analysis of case study that the financial transactions would be subjected to manipulation and there is a possibility of inflating the value of assets. Staff members would get engaged in manipulation of financial declarations in order to meet requirement of lenders and investors. It is also evident from the given case that management of organization has the inflated the retained earning value and accounts receivable for meeting the prescribe current ratio level (Chiu et al. 2014). There has been manipulation in value of payables for maintaining debt ratio. Workers responsible for reconciliation of accounting software find it difficult to maintain balance between exiting ledger system and employed novel accounting system. Inappropriate recording of some financial transactions have material statement of financial declarations (Byrnes et al. 2015). Furthermore, the periodicity concept of accounting is not properly followed by DIPL that has further added to material misstatement. Identifying two fraud risks arising from fraudulent financial reporting of DIPL: Fraud risks Explanation Risks of fraud of financial reporting Description of job within DIPL has not been properly defined and there is lack of segregation of works. Dual functions are performed by account payable clerk as he is responsible for recording transactions and making entry for same. It is certainly possible on his part to inappropriately represent financial data that would have damaging effect on operations and financial performance of company (Moroney and Trotman 2016). Excessive pressure on staffs leading them to get engaged in fraud activities There exists pressure from management and stakeholders of organization to have proper financial declarations that suits their business requirements and maintaining ratios at particular level. Incapability of DIPL for maintaining debt ratio less than one and current ratio around 1.5 would adversely affect the business operations of DIPL. Fraud risks impact on audit plan: It is essential on part of auditors to plan audit in such a way that they are able to reduce the impact of any associated risk to minimum possible level. For evaluation of financial statements, it is required by auditors to make investigation of financial data presented in terms of assets as well as liabilities. Balance of inventories should be investigated and they should check for any improper recording of transactions. Different activities in operational phase of organization should also be evaluated and their reliability should also be determined. While planning audit, it is required to evaluate each and every steps of recording transactions of inventories. Fraud risks would help in modifying audit plan to conduct faithful opinion of their financial declarations (van Buuren et al. 2017). References: Boone, J.P., Khurana, I.K., Raman, K.K., Chen, L.H., Chung, H.H.S., Peters, G.F., Wynn, J.P.J., Chen, Y., Knechel, W.R., Marisetty, V.B. and Truong, C., 2017. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory A Publication of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association. Broberg, P., Umans, T. and Gerlofstig, C., 2013. Balance between auditing and marketing: An explorative study. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 22(1), pp.57-70. Byrnes, P.E., Al-Awadhi, C.A., Gullvist, B., Brown-Liburd, H., Teeter, C.R., Warren Jr, J.D. and Vasarhelyi, M., 2015. Evolution of auditing: from the traditional approach to the future audit. Audit Analytics, 71. Chiu, V., Liu, Q. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2014. The development and intellectual structure of continuous auditing research. Journal of accounting literature, 33(1), pp.37-57. Hardy, C.A. and Laslett, G., 2014. Continuous Auditing and Monitoring in Practice: Lessons from Metcash's Business Assurance Group. Journal of Information Systems, 29(2), pp.183-194. Krahel, J.P. and Titera, W.R., 2015. Consequences of big data and formalization on accounting and auditing standards. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), pp.409-422. Moroney, R. and Trotman, K.T., 2016. Differences in Auditors' Materiality Assessments When Auditing Financial Statements and Sustainability Reports. Contemporary Accounting Research, 33(2), pp.551-575. Quick, R., 2016. [Besprechung von Aufstzen] Stewart, Jenny, Kent, Pamela, and Routledge, James: The Association between Audit Partner Rotation and Audit Fees: Empirical Evidence from the Australian Market. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory (No. 84660). Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL). van Buuren, J., Koch, C., van Nieuw Amerongen, N. and Wright, A., 2017. Evaluating the Change Process for Business Risk Auditing: Legitimacy Experiences of Non-Big 4 Auditors. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Zhang, J., Yang, X. and Appelbaum, D., 2015. Toward effective Big Data analysis in continuous auditing. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), pp.469-476.

Post Modern Style of Mass Communication Essay Example

Post Modern Style of Mass Communication Essay This paper discusses about the changing styles of mass communication with the advancement of technology. The paper traces the evolution of mass media from primitive times to the ultramodern techno savvy modern media of mass communication along with the progression of stylistics of presentation, language, content. For the sake of convenience the history of mass media is divided into five stages viz. Pre-printing media, Print media, Radio Films, Television Ultramodern Media. All these media have developed their own style of communication with masses and technology was instrumental for this change. Prologue Communication is an inevitable aspect of life. And each living being has its own style of communication. Human communication is the most complex out of all these communications. Technology added to it made it more effective, rapid, and continuous with the wide reach. Development of language was the most essential factor of human civilisation. Certainly language proves to be an important medium of human communication. Primitive civilisations had developed the techniques to communicate to the large number of people but those techniques were fundamentally the techniques of group communication, till the invention of printing technology. Printing technology was responsible to start the new genus of communication titled mass communication. Experiments on sound and transmission of sound waves from one corner of the world to another opened the new horizons to mass communication. These gradual progressions helped the mankind to evolve with new civilisation and life style which we name as information era. It is really interesting to plot and study the graph of technological development of mass communication and its co-relation with the changing styles of communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Modern Style of Mass Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Post Modern Style of Mass Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Post Modern Style of Mass Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hence the author has selected this topic for her paper presentation. The word Style is defined in various ways. The dictionary meaning is as follows: Style: i. A kind or sort especially in regard to appearance and form; ii. A manner of writing or speaking or performing; iii. The distinctive manner of a person or school or period, especially in relation to painting, architecture, furniture, dress, etc. ; iv. The correct way of designating a person or thing; A superior quality or manner; v. A particular make, shape, or pattern[1] Similarly Stylistics[2] is defined as: The study of literary style. A branch of modern linguistics devoted to the detailed analysis of literary style, or of the linguistic choices made by speakers and writers in non-literary contexts. Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays and Prose (1996)[3]. The term Mass Communication is referred to as: A process in which professional communicators use media to disseminate message widely, rapidly and continuously to arouse intended meanings in large diverse audience in attempt to influence them in a variety of ways. 4] While reviewing the above definitions it is clear that without developing specific styles the professional communicators cannot communicate with masses. The author went through the history of media development and deduced some interesting result. For the sake of convenience she divided the time period into five slots: Pre-printing era, Printing era, Radio and Films era, Television Era and Post Modern Era of Interactive Media. The Th eme The medium is the integral part of communication process hence important element of media study. The medium plays key role in defining the form, pattern and style of the message to be communicated. With the evolution of human race the expression and communication styles vary along with the medium used. The brief account of the above phenomenon is given below. Pre-printing media: The folk media were the only means of group communication then. The genera of mass communication were missing in the society. These folk media were without any technology and the tradition of verbal communication was very strong. Therefore, the era gave first preference to language as it was the only mean of communication to allure the public. It helped in developing language as a basic and fundamental skill of human socio-psyche. Syntax, grammar, etymology, phonetics and other aspects of linguistics evolved. Vocabulary Synonyms, antonyms, idioms and phrases, spellings were the most important elements of this skill. Among all these folk media Drama is the most popular one even today. If it is considered as an example of group media without technology then the style followed by it is referred to as four dimensional style of communication. The stage where the drama is performed has length, breadth and height, the sets and the property used also have these three dimensions and the artistes performing too. The fourth dimension is the time. The artistes and the audience share the same time frame and hence the style of communication is the Four Dimensional one. All the live performances predominantly follow this style. Secondly the total body of the presenter speaks in the presentation along with the stage ambience, costume and drapery, the proximics among co-artistes and audience, usage of stage, set property, timing. The style of these media involves both the performers and the audience as it gives a wholistic approach. Print media: Around 1040, the first known movable type system was created in China by Bi Sheng out of porcelain. Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg introduced what is regarded as an independent invention of movable type in Europe (see printing press), along with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and hand mould. Gutenberg was the first to create his type pieces from an alloy of lead, tin and antimony – the same components still used today. 5] The print media are the language dependent media which further helped the languages to have concrete and formal development. The added the elegance and richness to the lingual expressions and literary glitterati. The style used in the lingual interaction was very flowery, well-designed, robust and more descriptive. Thus style was of slow, lengthy and specious. The print media used various genera for expression of thoughts, the style used was very serious as regard to precision and placement of words which was precisely non-personal in nature. The writer and the reader have one to one communication without sharing the time and meeting each other. The process of codification and concretization took place during this phase of time. Print media especially the newspaper took up a peculiar style for news writing which labeled as ‘Inverted Pyramid Style of Writing’. The most important point is the to be focused first and the least important at the last. This is exactly opposite of story telling where climax appears at the last. Inclusion of 5 ‘Ws’ who, where, when, what, why and 1 ‘H’ how are to be answered in the news and stick to them. Now with the profuse growth of electronic media i. e. News Channels the element ‘I’ means impact of the event is also mentioned in the news report. No verbosity and extra information is to be included is the golden rule followed by the news writers. Phrases like ‘information received from reliable resources or as reported by so and so news agency.. conflict between two racial groups etc. ’ are frequently in use. The news reports are the factual reports written with precision, clarity, accuracy and brevity with out any ambiguity and mystery. The first paragraph of the news is known as ‘intro’. The stalwarts of news reporting developed various styles of ‘intro’ e. g. bullet intro, summery intro, figurative intro, quotation intro, descriptive intro etc. [6] Radio Films: The media which took over next were truly technology based and definitely revolutionary in nature. The miracle to transmit voice from one part of the earth to another was possible due to the uninterrupted efforts of physicists like Graham Bell, Jagdish Chandra Bose, Morse, Herzt Marconi, etc. The first ever techno-based medium was audio and thus again verbal communication was stressed upon. Since it was advanced as regard to that time period it had elite, urban and sophisticated monotonous style. Only monologue, standardized, formal language symbols were in use although the radio professionals pretended to be colloquial in lingual usage. This was also a non-personal presentation based on phonetics, voice modulation, diction and clarity. Using microphone with best efficiency and efficacy with the time bound presentation, were the essential qualification and here starts the blending of technology in the mass communication process. Phrases like ‘due to some unavoidable reasons we are unable to. or this is So So station and you are listening to. you were just listening to . ’ were repeatedly in use creating monotony. Encompassing all the subjects to cater to all the listeners the radio had adopted its own style of presentation through audio images only. Thus the styled can be named as Audio Imagery style of presentation. Cinema: The first non personal audio-visual presentation with the help of motion pictures was magic of science and art together. A two dimensional medium projected on the screen had bigger images never seen before. The ideas that can be transformed into visual images are presented visually and the rest verbally. The words have less to narrate, hence language, for the first time in the history of communication became secondary in nature. Audio-visual presentation made the things easy to say but complex to present. Being the director’s medium, cinema soon became the most popular medium in the communication story. ‘Writing in motion’ is the most commonly used term for cinema. Every director molded the medium in his own style by camera angles, movements, dialogues, sequence, music and back-ground score, location and editing. Apart from the directorial style cinema has ‘Larger Than Life Audio Visual Imagery’ style which is found as common characteristic of the medium. A stereotypical example of Indian Cinema in 40s and 50s is – not showing the death of the character directly on the screen but symbolizing it with the extinguishing flame of the oil lamp due to the blow of storming wind coupled with a sad tune of string instrument like violin or sarangi and human scream. The visual image of the extinguished lamp and the audio of stormy wind plus sad tune and human scream together facilitate the director to tell the audience about the sad demise of the character in a very subtle and aesthetically strong way. This audio-visual feel is certainly more universal and general than that of literary feel thus named as ‘larger than life audio visual imagery’. Television: The small screen is the true modern mass communication medium. The medium which is available inside the home, can provide audio-visual information wrapped in the entertainment and most important, it is user friendly. The 24 hrs access to TV transmission is another main facet to make this medium the most popular one. Every strata of the society is hooked by this ‘idiot box’ for its never ending entertainment programmes. Although cinema and TV both are audio visual media the technology differs. Cinema is the projection medium, serious in nature. The audience have to make up their minds to go to the theatre, buy the tickets and sit in the chair for nearly 3 hrs with one interval of about 5 to 10 minutes, whereas, TV is the transmission medium, and very casual in nature. Apart from the technological differences, style of presentation is also different. Both the media are Two dimensional but the aspect ratio of the dimensions differ hence the style. TV is a close-up medium and it is also referred to as editor’s medium. It has a short lived effect and the approach of the audience towards this medium is very informal. Many a times TV programmes provide background score and nothing much. At the same time the ambience in which TV is watched is almost the same for each family as the decor is changed hardly once a year or so. Thus to avoid monotony external appearance of this medium more and more excitement is inserted in the content of the TV programmes. The efforts put in to create excitement do not prove to be successful every time leading it to non-serious, superficial presentation. The speed of transmission had added new dimension to the style of TV presentation. The private channels especially news channels using satellites for telecasting their programmes had developed BBC and American style of news presentation. Indian news-casters follow American style of news-casting which is predominantly focusing on shallow issues blown up disproportionately with unwanted repetitive details told in crispy language and loud tone. Purity of language and selection of words are at stake. For example to create excitement for hooking the audience and keeping them glued to the same news-channel, the words which were used only in emergency like breaking news, exclusive news are being used so often that these words lost their importance in the journalistic parlance. The style of entertainment channels is glossy, gaudy and extravagant visuals of rich and high class society with cliche scene and dialogues aimed to propagate consumerist approach of life style. Market forces and materialistic trends coated in the Indian culture, add to the formation of this strange style. Most of the time communication of the content is the prime concern and not the language, therefore, usage of words borrowed from English are frequently found in almost all the genera of Television programmes of vernacular languages. The presenters of Phone in Programmes and even news-casters use the language which apparently looks informal, friendly, colloquial giving a feel of closeness to the unknown listener or viewer but actually maintain distance. Thus the style can be referred to as ‘Pseudo-informative style’. Ultramodern Media: Internet and mobiles are the latest gadgets well equipped with modern technology. This technology is well accepted as Information Technology which makes all kinds of information gathering, processing and transporting feasible with finger stroke. The young generation who is proficient in using this technology is now living in information era. The information is flowing at the speed of light covering every nook and corner of the world. Both these gadgets are the interactive media and are responsible to make the whole society media dependent. The first and the most prominent impact of this post modern mass communication media is the changed life style. The people are well connected and well informed. Marshall McLuhan explained this phenomenon as ‘Information Explosion and Implosion. ’[7] The Internet is the most popular medium for information access as it provides the facility of random access and the individual can reach the desired topic within a very short span. The effect of this random access can be seen in the reference books also by the addition of subject index with bibliography. The impact of this facility can be observed as the people using it do not go through the whole text of the book or the webpage but directly reach the required point. It is certainly a time saving activity but one looses the opportunity to go through context and related information. The information is huge in quantity but in-depth knowledge and wisdom is in paucity. The language symbol usage is the at the minimal level as the visuals – graphics and animations are available in ready-to-use forms. The spellings like you, we, before, to, please, thank you are abbreviated to u, v, b4, 2 pl, tq and are so much in use that soon they will be seen in the formal correspondence as a regular feature. The usage of SMS is growing leaps and bounds and the users are habituated to express every thing into 160 characters only chopping off all the unnecessary alphabets. Use of emoticons for expressions [pic] = happy, [pic]= sad etc. is the latest style to use minimum symbols for maximum expression. To support the communication not only written words but also pictures, music and animated images are used in these multi media gadgets giving the opportunity to use all possible way to communicate with maximum delimitation. Thus this style can be referred to as ‘Delimiting Style’ of post modern communication. The Epilogue The inference of above discussion is put forward in brevity as †¢ The technology has deep and everlasting impact on the styles of communication especially mass communication. †¢ The style change is directly proportional to the change and advancement of technology. †¢ The mass communication in post modern era has turned out to be interactive communication in ‘Delimiting Style’ with usage of minimal language symbols in combination with audio and visual clips.